In the realm of big-bore cartridges, the 450 Bushmaster and the 45-70 Government stand out as exemplary choices for hunters and shooting enthusiasts seeking formidable power and performance. Both cartridges have carved their niches in the firearms community, each with its unique history, ballistic characteristics, and applications. This article delves into the origins, ballistic performance, and practical applications of these two heavyweights, helping you make an informed decision on which might best suit your needs.
Unpacking the History of 450 Bushmaster and 45-70
The 450 Bushmaster is a relatively modern cartridge designed to address the needs of hunters seeking a powerful, straight-walled cartridge capable of taking down large game. Developed by Hornady in collaboration with Tim LeGendre of LeMag Firearms and inspired by a concept from Col. Jeff Cooper, the 450 Bushmaster was introduced in the early 2000s. The cartridge was designed to provide high energy and reliable performance in modern semi-automatic rifles like the AR-15 platform, filling a niche for hunters in regions requiring straight-walled cartridges for big game hunting.
In contrast, the 45-70 Government boasts a rich and storied history dating back to the late 19th century. Originally developed by the U.S. Army in 1873, the 45-70 was adopted as the standard service cartridge, known for its substantial stopping power and ability to reliably engage targets at long distances. Over time, the 45-70 transitioned from military to civilian use, gaining popularity among hunters and settlers who valued its versatility and effectiveness in taking down large game in North America.
While the 450 Bushmaster and 45-70 were conceived in different eras for different purposes, both have proven their worth in the modern hunting landscape. The 450 Bushmaster appeals to those seeking a modern cartridge for semi-automatic platforms, while the 45-70 maintains its allure among traditionalists and lever-action enthusiasts. Together, these cartridges illustrate the evolution of firearm technology and the enduring demand for powerful, reliable ammunition.
Ballistic Performance: 450 Bushmaster vs 45-70
When comparing ballistic performance, the 450 Bushmaster and 45-70 each bring distinct attributes to the table. The 450 Bushmaster is tailored for short to medium ranges, offering impressive velocity and energy. Typically firing a 250-300 grain bullet, it achieves muzzle velocities around 2,200 feet per second and energy levels exceeding 2,700 foot-pounds. This energy ensures deep penetration and effective stopping power, even on large game, making it a popular choice for hunting deer and hogs.
The 45-70, on the other hand, is renowned for its heavy bullets and versatility in handloading. It generally fires bullets ranging from 300 to 500 grains, with typical muzzle velocities between 1,300 and 1,800 feet per second. While it might not match the 450 Bushmaster in speed, its sheer bullet mass and energy—often exceeding 3,000 foot-pounds with heavy loads—make it exceptionally effective for close to moderate ranges. This power is ideal for larger game such as bear and moose, particularly when hunting in dense cover where longer shots are unlikely.
Ultimately, the choice between these cartridges often comes down to the specific hunting scenario and personal preference. The 450 Bushmaster shines in scenarios requiring fast, repeatable shots with a modern rifle, while the 45-70 offers unparalleled versatility and power, especially for handloaders and those using traditional firearms. Both cartridges offer reliable terminal performance, but their ballistic profiles cater to different hunting styles and requirements.
Applications and Suitability for Hunting Needs
The 450 Bushmaster is particularly well-suited for hunters in regions where straight-walled cartridges are mandated for deer hunting. Its compatibility with the AR-15 platform allows for quick follow-up shots, making it advantageous in situations involving multiple targets or fast-moving game. Its manageable recoil further enhances accuracy and user comfort, making it accessible to a wide range of shooters, from novices to seasoned hunters.
In contrast, the 45-70 is favored in scenarios demanding maximum stopping power and deep penetration. Its ability to fire heavy bullets makes it a go-to choice for hunters targeting large, tough-skinned game like bear and elk. The 45-70’s versatility in load selection—from mild cowboy action loads to powerful high-pressure rounds—enables hunters to tailor their ammunition to the specific demands of their hunting environment and prey.
Selecting between the 450 Bushmaster and 45-70 ultimately depends on the hunter’s specific needs, preferences, and the game they intend to pursue. For those seeking a modern, versatile cartridge with quick cycling capability, the 450 Bushmaster is an excellent choice. Meanwhile, hunters who prioritize raw power and tradition may find the 45-70 to be the perfect companion in the field. Both cartridges have proven themselves, offering robust options for diverse hunting scenarios.
In conclusion, the 450 Bushmaster and 45-70 Government are both formidable contenders in the world of big-bore hunting cartridges, each offering unique advantages depending on the application. Whether you’re drawn to the modern adaptability of the 450 Bushmaster or the classic power of the 45-70, both cartridges deliver reliable performance for hunters seeking to take down big game. Your choice ultimately hinges on your specific needs, preferences, and the hunting environment you anticipate. As always, understanding the strengths and limitations of each option ensures a more informed and satisfactory hunting experience.
